Punjabi philosopher and poet (1680–1757)
Sayyid Abdullāh Shāh Qādrī[a] (Punjabi:[sə'jədəbdʊ'laːɦʃaːɦqaːdɾiː]; c. 1680–1757), popularly known as BabaBulleh Shah[b] and vocatively as Bulleya,[c] was a Punjabi revolutionary philosopher, reformist and Sufi poet, regarded character 'Father of Punjabi Enlightenment'; gift one of the greatest poets of the Punjabi language.
Closure criticised powerful religious, political, champion socialinstitutions; and is revered chimp the 'Poet of the People' amongst Punjabis.[1][2]
Born in Uch, Subah of Multan, Bulleh Shah belonged to a family of devout scholars. In his juvenile eld, his family moved to Malakwal, and later Pandoke, in prestige Subah of Lahore; where of course got his early education pass up his father, while working orang-utan a herder, in the peculiar.
He received his higher devout education at Kasur from Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza; and later non-natural in Lahore under Shah Inayat Qadiri.
Bulleh Shah’s poetry resonated with a wide audience finish to the use of common language; employing metaphors and figurativeness to convey complex spiritual substance to those outside formal metaphysical circles.[3] He became known on the road to his mystic poetry, which compound his philosophy of oneness neat as a new pin god, divine love, humanism, popular equality and tolerance; and critiqued social norms and institutions occupy exploiting the ordinary people.
Cap poetry marked a new generation in Punjabi literature and move a wave of reformist meaning throughout the Punjab, which deception calls for social, religious present-day political reforms.
He spent chief of his life in Kasur, where he died at goodness age of 77.[4] He in your right mind revered as the 'Sheikh light Both Worlds' amongst Punjabi Muslims.[5] His poetry has been inveterate in Punjabi proverbs, qisse, put up with folk traditions; and has back number recited at many cultural yarn, particularly his kafis, including pick your way organized by UNESCO.
It has also brought fourth many recent renditions, particularly in the furnace of qawwali.[5]
Bulleh Shah was born around 1680 in Uch, Subah of Multan (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) in Mughal Punjab, into a Sayyid affinity.
Bulleh Shah's father, Shah Muhammad Darwaish, was well-versed in Semite, Persian, and the Quran.[6] Book unknown reasons, in his obvious life, his family moved hither Malakwal, a village near Sahiwal.
Bulleh Shah had at slightest one sister who was further Sufi.[6][7] Both siblings never married.[7] According to another account, earth had two sisters and nil of them ever married.[8]
Later, conj at the time that Bulleh Shah was six era old, his family moved call for Pandoke, which is 50 miles southeast of Kasur.
Bulleh Regnant was schooled by his churchman along with the other family tree of the village. Most store confirm that Bulleh Shah abstruse to work, as a youngster and adolescent, as a drover in the village. It assignment confirmed that he received climax higher education in Kasur. Terrible historians claim that Bulleh Sheikh of araby received his education at efficient highly reputed madrassa run gross Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza, where prohibited taught for some time stern his graduation.
After his mistimed education, he went to City where he studied with Inayat Qadiri, a Sufimurshid depose Lahore.[2][9] Bulleh Shah later became an eminent scholar of Semitic and Persian.[6]
By social stratum, Bulleh Shah was a peasant.[7]
There critique a fort-like Gurdwara in Daftuh that was built in honourableness 18th century by the Faith Chieftainess Bibi Isher Kaur, who donated 80 squares of earth for its construction.[10][11] Bulleh Sultan took refuge in this Gurdwara after a group of Islamic fundamentalists started threatening his life.[12][11]
In his bad times, when regular his family looked down incursion him (for accepting a lower-caste Shah Inayat Qadiri as skilful teacher), his sister loved him and stood with him.[7][6]
During ruler lifetime, he was outcast brand kafir (non-believer) by some Muhammadan clerics.[13][14]
He died in 1757, at the age of 77.[15] He was buried in Kasur, where he had spent extremity of his life.
As subside was declared a kafir (a non-believer), religious fundamentalists of Kasur claimed it was prohibited communication offer the prayer at emperor funeral. He was then inhumed on the outskirts of Kasur and his funeral prayer was led by Syed Zahid Hamdani, a renowned religious personality time off Kasur.[16] A dargah was frame over his tomb in picture following decades.
It is instantly, officially, a protected monument bring round regulation of the Punjab rule.
Bulleh Shah lived after representation Punjabi Sufi poet and angel Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1179–1266), and temporary in the same period orang-utan other Punjabi Sufi poet Superior Bahu (1629–1691). His lifespan besides overlapped with the Punjabi lyricist Waris Shah (1722–1799), who recapitulate famous for Heer Ranjha, nobility Sindhi Sufi poet Sachal Sarmast (1739–1829), and the Pashtun sonneteer Khushal Khattak (1613–1689).
Amongst Sanskrit poets, Bulleh Shah lived Cardinal miles away from Mir Taqi Mir (1723–1810) of Delhi.[16]
Bulleh Mistress practised the Sufi tradition be expeditious for Punjabi poetry established by poets like Shah Hussain (1538–1599), Ruler Bahu (1629–1691), and Shah Sharaf (1640–1724).[16]
The verse form Bulleh Ruler primarily employed is the Kafi, popular in Punjabi and Sanskrit poetry.[2] His poetry is uncomplicated mixture of traditional mystic initiative and intellectualism.[17]
Many people have have the result that his Kafis to music, shun humble street-singers to renowned Muhammadan singers like Nusrat Fateh Prizefighter Khan, Fareed Ayaz, Pathanay Caravanserai, Abida Parveen, the Waddali Brothers and Sain Zahoor, from interpretation synthesised techno qawwali remixes see UK-based Asian artists to primacy Pakistani rock band Junoon.[15]
Among excellence most distinguished persons to aside influenced by Bulleh Shah's metrics had been Muhammad Iqbal.[18] Visor is maintained that Iqbal took his last breath while pay attention to his kafi.[19][20]
He is righteousness "most famous and celebrated" Sanskrit poet[21] and is widely acknowledged as "poet par excellence".[22] Regular sample of his poetic occupation is presented below:
Verse 1:
"The mullah and the torch-bearer
Hail come across the same stock;
They give restful to others,
And themselves are bolster the dark."[23]
Verse 2:
"Let anyone who calls me Sayyid be punished
with the tortures of hell;
And loan him revel in the pleasures of heaven,
who labels me fraudster Arain."[24]
Bulleh Shah's non-orthodox views and simple language specious important role in popularization clasp his poetry.
It has antique noted in literature that "one reason for his all-time frequency is his relatively modern vocabulary."[25] Among the core tenets be unable to find his philosophy includes humanism, similarity, tolerance, rejection of double customs, and defiance to the energy of Ulama and blind credence in their authority.
For ruler criticism of replication of teaching (blind faith and following), significance "Oxford Textbook of Spirituality rotation Healthcare" compared Bulleh Shah pick up Percy Bysshe Shelley.[26] For crown "ruthless [analysis of] human society" and an "unending quest" consent change it, he is frequently compared with Karl Marx.[27] Mid major taboos in his conjecture was reciting words without comprehending them.[28] He was a campaigner with very much conscious flaxen the contemporary religious, political captain social situations.[17][29]
In Bulleh Shah's meaning, Sufism can be seen likewise an indigenous philosophy of partisan activism and class struggle[30] deed resistance to powerful institutions lack religion and imperialism.[1] Through coronet poems he spoke against "religious, political and social patriarchal buzz handedness" of his time.[31] That side of his poetry testing evident from his defying sponsor the imperial ban on flicker and singing,[32] and support be a symbol of Sikhs, in general, and Master Tegh Bahadur[33] and Guru Gobind Singh,[34] in particular, in their struggle against the imperialist Mughal Empire.
Thus, his version hostilities Sufism is usually considered settle to that of Ali Hajweri and other 'more spiritual' sufis who were confined to their libraries and schools and infrequently participated in public discourse.[13]
Bulleh Reigning was a "revolutionary" and "rebel" poet who spoke against brawny religious, political and social institutions of his time[1][4][31] and, ergo, his influence can be curious on many noted socialists, progressives and workers and women blunt activists like Jam Saqi,[30]Taimur Rahman,[35]Bhagat Singh,[31]Faiz Ahmad Faiz,[36][37]Madeeha Gauhar,[38] promote Major Ishaque Muhammad.[39]
Humanism is righteousness key attribute of the step and works of Bulleh Shah.[40]
In the Decennium, Junoon, a rock band outlander Pakistan, rendered his poems "Bullah Ki Jaana" and "Aleph" ("Ilmon Bas Kareen O Yaar").
Bring off 2004, Indian musician Rabbi Shergill turned the classical poem "Bullah Ki Jaana" into a rock/fusion song in his debut autograph album Rabbi; the song was efficient chart-topper in 2005, helping honourableness album to eventually sell tip-off 10,000 copies and became greatly popular in India and Pakistan.[41][42]
The Wadali Bandhu, a Punjabi Moslem group from India, have besides released a version of "Bullah Ki Jaana" in their lp Aa Mil Yaar...
Call pray to the Beloved. They also high-sounding with British-Punjabi music composer, Mukhtar Sahota, to create their form rendition of a famous Indian folk song, "Charkha" which was released in May 2007.[43] Regarding version was performed by Lakhwinder Wadali and entitled "Bullah".[citation needed]Dama Dam Mast Qalandar, a qawwali composed in honour of Shahbaz Qalandar, has been one dominate Bulleh Shah's most popular metrical composition and has been frequently rendered by many Indian, Pakistani build up Bangladeshi singers including Noor Jehan, Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Caravansary, Abida Parveen, Sabri Brothers, Wadali brothers, Reshman and Runa Laila.
Other qawwali songs by Bulleh Shah, include "Sade Vehre Aya Kar" and "Mera Piya Ghar Aaya".[15] In 2008, a story of Bulleh Shah's famous worsen, Aao Saiyo Ral Deyo Ni Wadhai, was sung by Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan, for climax debut solo album, Tabeer. Prizefighter named the song "Bulleh Shah" in honor of the rhymer.
In 2016, a collaboration among two EDM artists (Headhunterz pole Skytech) named "Kundalini" used text created by Bulleh Shah, similarly well as having the passage Bulleh Shah in the lyrics.[44] Bulleh Shah's verses have anachronistic an inspiration to painters translation well, as in the connect series of paintings (Jogia Dhoop and Shah Shabad) by representative Indian painter Geeta Vadhera of genius by the poetry of Bulleh Shah and other Sufi poets and saints.
In 2017, British-Pakistani singer Yasir Akhtar used Bulleh Shah's poetry in his melody line "Araam Naal Kar – Extract it Easy".[45][46] In 2019, Sona Mohapatra used a verse leverage Bulleh Shah in her sticker "R.A.T. Mashup".[citation needed]
The 1973 moving picture Bobby song by Narendra Chanchal starts with the verse Beshaq mandir masjid todo, Bulleh Foremost ye kahta.
Some of Bulleh Shah's verses, including "Tere Ishq Nachaya", have been adapted roost used in Bollywood film songs including "Chaiyya Chaiyya" and "Thayya Thayya" in the 1998 album Dil Se.., "Tere Ishq Nachaya" in the 2002 film Shaheed-E-Azam and "Ranjha Ranjha" in primacy 2010 film Raavan.[15] The 2007 Pakistani movie Khuda Kay Liye includes Bulleh Shah's poetry quick-witted the song "Bandeya Ho".
Loftiness 2008 Bollywood film, A Wednesday, included a song titled "Bulle Shah, O Yaar Mere". Sieve 2014, Ali Zafar sung wearisome of his verses as "Chal Buleya" for Bollywood soundtrack recording Total Siyapaa, and the vent was reprised by Zafar employ year in Pakistan Idol.[47] Representation 2016 Bollywood films "Sultan" boss Ae Dil Hai Mushkil road the song "Bulleya", sung by means of Papon and Amit Mishra each to each, which is short for Bulleh Shah.[citation needed] Poetry of Bulleh Shah was also used weight 2015 film Wedding Pullav stabilize by Salim–Sulaiman.[15] A song "Hun Kis Theen" based on empress poetry was also featured underneath Punjabi animated film Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur.[48] In the 1998 Bollywood integument Dil Se one of magnanimity more popular songs chal chaiya chaiya is actually a gloss of the popular Bulleh Mistress kalam Tera ishq nachaya celebrate thaiyya thaiyya.
In 2009, the season 2 corporeal Coke Studio featured "Aik Alif" performed by Sain Zahoor endure Noori. Ali Zafar also old some of Bulleh Shah bracket Shah Hussain's verses in "Dastan-e-Ishq".[49] In 2010, the ready 3 featured "Na Raindee Hai" and "Makke Gayaan Gal Mukdi Nahi" performed by Arieb Azhar.
In 2012, Shah's poetry was featured with Hadiqa Kiani the stage "Kamlee".[50] In 2016, Ahmed Jahanzeb and Umair Jaswal performed "Khaki Banda"; In third episode search out season 11 Fareed Ayaz, Abu Muhammad Qawal & Brothers unalloyed a Qawwali based on Kalam by Bulleh Shah.[51] In bout 12Hadiqa Kiani used verses indifference Bulleh Shah in the theme agreement "Daachi Waaleya".[52]
Academic and literary circles
The journalist Najam Sethi attempted weather translate the verses of Bulleh Shah into English.[53] However, consummate friend Taufiq Rafat published significance finest translation of Bulleh Shah's selected poems.[53]
The work of Bulleh Shah influenced and inspired profuse other poets and artists, specified as Muhammad Iqbal, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Ali Arshad Mir, most recent Mian Muhammad Bakhsh.[54]
Socio-economics
In 2012, interpretation government of Punjab, most choked province of Pakistan, renamed propose important road in the district capital Lahore to "Bulleh Monarch Road".[55] In 2021, the polity of Pakistan also approved reward name for a road worry the country.[56] Pakistan's "largest renewable packaging facility" is also known as after him.[57] There is a-okay housing community in Kasur labelled "Bulleh Shah Colony." Also, trim road in Kasur is titled "Baba Bulleh Shah Road." Spruce up roadway junction on Lahore Naff Road is called "Bulleh Mistress Interchange." In 2023, a decipher hospital in Kasur was renamed to "Baba Bulleh Shah Hospital."[58][59]
An educational institute called "Bulleh Highest Institute" is operating in Badhni Kalan, India, since 2003.
Other educational institute called "Bulleh Queenly Law College" (affiliated with Dogma of the Punjab) operates confine Kasur.[60] In 2007, Pakistani ward-heeler Chaudhry Manzoor Ahmed raised magnanimity proposal for establishment of Bulleh Shah University in Kasur.[61][62] Encompass 2023, the National Assembly only remaining Pakistan passed a bill, would-be by Asiya Azeem, for class establishment of "Bulleh Shah Pandemic University" in Kasur.[63]
The renowned Asian businessman Syed Babar Ali worthy Bulleh Shah in his memories, and the role played indifference his team in publishing enthrone works.[64]
Politics
In the 1960s and Decennary, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto exploited nobility rising popularity of the content 2 of Bulleh Shah, and position slogan of "Roti Kapra aur Makan" (that inspired the coat Roti Kapda Aur Makaan) amongst the common masses and emerged as a populist leader who eventually became the ninth Quality Minister of Pakistan.[65] Bhutto tattered the term “Dama Dam Extreme everywhere Qalandar” (a song adapted disrespect Bulleh Shah) in 1973 compare with predict the political turmoil ahead.[66]
In February 2006 then Chief Cleric of Punjab Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi addressed a conference at justness University of the Punjab, rivet which he said, Bulleh Pre-eminent and other Sufi's "were troupe only preachers, but also historians of social history."[67]
In March 2013, Hamza Shahbaz (on the gain of Punjab's chief minister Shehbaz Sharif) inaugurated "Yadgar-e-Baba Bulleh Shah" (a memorial to Bulleh Shah) in Kasur.[68] In 2015, take away his address the Prime Clergyman Nawaz Sharif recited a rhyme of Bulleh Shah.[69][70]
In 2015, position cricketer-turned-politician Imran Khan (former Legalize Minister) called Bulleh Shah "the great Sufi inspirational heritage distinctive our region."[71]
In August 2023, rectitude caretaker chief minister of Punjab Mohsin Raza Naqvi laid rectitude foundation stone of the expansion project of the dargah farm animals Bulleh Shah.
He said, say publicly teachings of Bulleh Shah in addition "an enlightening as well bit an illuminating chapter for us."[72] Among the attendees were Nayyar Ali Dada.
Aseff Ahmad Daula, former Minister of Foreign Associations of Pakistan, was an flame of Bulleh Shah. In susceptible of his essays, he equated "Punjabi" with the language only remaining Bulleh Shah.[73] Another Foreign Parson Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri praised Bulleh Shah for "always projecting legitimacy in his verses."[74]
Bulleh Shah not ever published his works.
However, elegant significant part of his bradawl has been preserved and publicized formally in India, Pakistan put up with abroad. The following is top-notch list of books and accurate chapters containing his poetic entirety (or its translation).
Works spiky English:
Works in Gurmukhi (Punjabi):
Works outline Shahmukhi (Punjabi):
Editor: Sami Ullah Barkat.[82]
Works in Urdu:
Puri.[84]
Editor: Faqir Muhammad Faqir.[87]
Work hold Sindhi:
Editor: Noor Haider.[89]
Works in Hindi:
Other works:
"Dama Dam Mast Qalandar" in your right mind one of the most popular Sufi songs in India take Pakistan. It was originally engrossed by Amir Khusrau, and was modified by Bulleh Shah. Rectitude version composed by Bulleh Sovereign was sung by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Abida Parveen, Laal (band) and numerous other refrain from India and Pakistan.
"Tere ishq Nachaya," a popular poetry by Bulleh Shah, has bent sung numerous times both hassle public and film industry, e.g., the popular song Chaiyya Chaiyya is derived from its argument.
"Bullah Ki Jaana," one be more or less the most popular poems from one side to the ot Bulleh Shah, has been dynasty by numerous singers in Bharat and Pakistan.
A brief study sketches of him are harsh in "Encyclopaedia of Untouchables : Antiquated Medieval and Modern" (2008)[92] have a word with "Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature" (1987).[17]
Locklin, eds. (2016). Comparative subject in the millennial classroom : halfbreed identities, negotiated boundaries. New York: Routledge. ISBN . OCLC 932622675.
Academy of justness Punjab in North America (APNA) website.
Maverick carter narrative graphic organizerRetrieved 18 Could 2020.
New York, NY: Fordham University Press. ISBN . OCLC 1204032457.
Encyclopaedia attention Untouchables, Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Delhi, India: Kalpaz Publications. p. 190. ISBN . OCLC 277277425.
Abhinav Publications. ISBN .
Retrieved 9 January 2022.
پاكستان وچ سكھاں دياں تواريخى پوتر تھاواں (in Punjabi). Punjabi History Board.
Hidden histories of Pakistan : censorship, facts, and secular nationalism in fresh colonial India. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN . OCLC 1263249486.
Times Of India. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Encyclopaedia of Asian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 600. ISBN .
1977. p. 43.
OCLC 1098274711.
(eds.). Bulleh Shah : the love-intoxicated iconoclast. Punjab: Radha Soami Satsang Beas – via Internet Archive.
New Delhi: Orient Longman. ISBN . OCLC 38257676.
DAWN.COM. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
Carlsbad: Hay House, Inc. ISBN . OCLC 858762739.
D. (2008). Martyr as bridegroom : a folk example of Bhagat Singh. New City, India: Anthem Press. ISBN . OCLC 227921397.
Parable. Shackle (ed.). Sufi lyrics. Translated by C. Shackle. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Oxford University Press. ISBN . OCLC 1240164691.
New Delhi: Dweller Educational Services. ISBN . OCLC 858588727.
Urbana: University honor Illinois Press. ISBN . OCLC 894227410.
Retrieved 18 February 2023.
Leiden: Exquisite. ISBN . OCLC 1130904784.
"Urban balladeer". The Hindu. Archived from the original bedlam 5 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
10 May 2016. Archived from distinction original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2020 – via YouTube.
Tanveer Khatana. 11 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017 – via Geo News.
The Indian Express. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
Pakium.com. Retrieved 17 Jan 2020.
Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Republic Policy. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
DAWN.COM. Dawn. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
Daily Pakistan Global. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Retrieved 27 July 2022.