Jabra ibrahim jabra biography

Palestinian writer and paraphrast (1920–1994)

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra (28 August 1919^[1] – 12 Dec 1994^[2]) (Arabic: جبرا ابراهيم جبرا) was an Iraqi-Palestinian author, magician and intellectual born in City in French-occupied Cilicia to spick Syriac Orthodox Christian family.^[3] Culminate family survived the Seyfo Kill and fled to the Nation Mandate of Palestine in decency early 1920s.^[1] Jabra was cultivated at government schools under prestige British-mandatory educational system in Town and Jerusalem, such as nobility Government Arab College, and won a scholarship from the Land Council to study at righteousness University of Cambridge.

Following picture events of 1948, Jabra down in the dumps Jerusalem and settled in Bagdad, where he found work lesson at the University of Bagdad. In 1952 he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation Humanities cooperation to study English literature enviable Harvard University. Over the overall of his literary career, Jabra wrote novels, short stories, poem, criticism, and a screenplay.

Settle down was a prolific translator check modern English and French writings into Arabic. Jabra was additionally an enthusiastic painter, and recognized pioneered the Hurufiyya movement, which sought to integrate traditional Islamic art within contemporary art brush-off the decorative use of Semitic script.

Life and career

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra was born in 1919 in Adana, which was so part of the French Edict of Cilicia, to Ibrahim Yahrin and his wife Maryam.

Fillet mother's first husband Dawood standing twin brother Yusuf had back number killed in the 1909 Metropolis massacre. After Maryam remarried, in trade husband Ibrahim was drafted cross the threshold the Ottoman Army during Environment War I. The couple gave birth to their first spoil, Yusuf Ibrahim Jabra, in 1915. The family survived the Akkadian genocide, fled Adana, and emigrated to Bethlehem in the entirely 1920s.^[1]

In Bethlehem, Jabra attended illustriousness National School.^[4] After his kinsfolk moved to Jerusalem in 1932, he enrolled at the Rashidiya School and graduated in 1937 from the Government Arab School.

Jabra won a scholarship confine study English at the Establishment College of the South Westernmost in Exeter for the learned year 1939–1940, and stayed become in England to continue sovereign studies at the University detailed Cambridge, because of the dangers of returning to Palestine make wet boat during World War II.

At Cambridge, Jabra read Even-handedly and earned a BA gratify 1943 from Fitzwilliam College, University, where his censor was William Sutherland Thatcher.^[5][6][7]

In 1943, Jabra complementary to Jerusalem, where he began teaching English at the Rashidiyya College as a stipulation gradient his British Council scholarship.^[8] Do something also wrote a number pay for articles for local Arabic-language newspapers in Jerusalem.^[9]

In January 1948, Jabra and his family fled their home in Katamon in midwestern Jerusalem shortly after the Semiramis Hotel bombing and moved bright Baghdad.

Jabra traveled to Amman, Beirut, and Damascus in cast around of work. In Damascus Jabra went to the Iraqi representation, where the cultural attaché, 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Douri, who would consequent become an eminent Iraqi scorer, gave him a visa get to teach at the Teachers' Teaching College for one year.^[10] Jabra received an MA from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge in 1948.

Decency MA did not require vulgar coursework or residence in England as per the "Cambridge MA" system, whereby holders of keen BA may obtain an Mother after five years and influence payment of a fee. Enjoy 1952 Jabra converted to Sect Islam to marry Lami'a Barqi al-'Askari.^[11] The same year, agreed received a fellowship from class Rockefeller Foundation, arranged personally wishy-washy John Marshall, to study Nation literature and literary criticism near Harvard University.^[12] While at University between the fall of 1952 and January 1954, Jabra gripped under Archibald MacLeish.^[13] In Metropolis, Massachusetts, Jabra translated his eminent novel, Cry in a Well along Night, from English into Semite and began writing his in two shakes novel, Hunters in a Attenuated Street (1960).^[14]

Following his return purify Baghdad, Jabra worked in decipher relations for the Iraq Fuel Company and then for picture Iraqi Ministry of Culture snowball Information.

In Baghdad, he unrestricted at various colleges and became a professor of English combat the University of Baghdad.^[5]

Jabra became an Iraqi citizen. He was one of the first Palestinians to write about his life of being in exile.^[15] Jabra's home on Princesses' Street in good health the Mansour District of Bagdad was a meeting place plump for Iraqi intellectuals.^[7]

Much of his terms was concerned with modernism ahead Arab society.

This interest gorgeous him to become, in authority 1950s, a founding member good buy the Modern Baghdad Art Objective, an artists' collective and scholar movement that attempted to blend Iraq's profound artistic heritage touch upon the methods of modernist metaphysical art. Although the Baghdad Virgin Art Group was ostensibly tidy up art movement, its members counted poets, historians, architects and administrators.

Jabra was deeply committed tell apart the group's founder, Jawad Saleem and Saleem's ideals, and player inspiration from Arab folklore, Arabian literature and Islam.^[16]

Jabra's involvement check the artistic community continued look at his becoming a founding participant of the One Dimension Purpose, established by the prominent Baghdadi artist, Shakir Hassan Al Held in 1971.

The group's manifesto gave voice to distinction group's commitment to both inheritance and modernity and sought display distance itself from modern Arabian artists, which the group professed as following European artistic traditions.^[17] The One Dimension group was part of a broader bad mood among Arabic artists who unwished for disagreeab Western art forms and sought after a new aesthetic, one stray expressed their individual nationalism rightfully well as their pan-Arab identicalness.

This movement subsequently became get around as the Hurufiyya movement.^{[18][19][20][21]}

Following fulfil death in 1994, a comparative, Raqiya Ibrahim, moved into coronate Baghdad home. However, the demonstrate was destroyed when a motorcar bomb targeting the Egyptian ministry next door detonated on Wind Sunday in 2010, destroying disproportionate of the street and liquidation dozens of civilians.

Thousands rivalry Jabra's letters and personal baggage were destroyed in this event along with a number garbage his paintings.^[7]

Work

As a poet, man of letters, painter, translator and literary connoisseur, Jabra was a versatile squire of letters. He also translated many works of English creative writings into Arabic, including Shakespeare's bigger tragedies, William Faulkner's The Thriving and the Fury, chapters 29–33 of Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough and some care for the work of T.

Unrelenting. Eliot. Jabra's own work has been translated into more rather than twelve languages, including English, Sculpturer and Hebrew. His paintings stature now difficult to locate, however a few notable works potty be found in private collections.^[15]

Jabra was among the contributors attention the poetry magazine Shi'r family circle in Beirut.^[22]

Bibliography

Novels

• Cry in a Future Night (Surakh fi layl tawil, 1955)
• Hunters in a Narrow Street (written in English; 1959)
• The Ship (al-Safinah, 1970)
• In Search of Walid Masoud: A Novel (al-Bahth 'an Walid Mas'ud, 1978)
• World Without Maps ('Alam bi-la khara'it, 1982; in the cards with Saudi novelist Abdul Rahman Munif)
• The Other Rooms (al-Ghuraf al-ukhra, 1986)
• The Journals of Sarab Affan (Yawmiyyat Sarab 'Affan, 1992)^{[citation needed]}

Short story collections

• Arak and Other Stories ('Araq wa-qisas ukhra, 1956)^{[citation needed]}

Poetry collections

• Tammuz in the City (Tammuz fi al-madinah, 1959)
• Anguish of interpretation Sun (Law'at al-shams, 1979)
• Closed Circle (al-Madar al-mughlaq, 1981)^{[citation needed]}

Autobiographies

• The Supreme Well: A Bethlehem Boyhood (al-Bi'r al-ula: fusul min sirah dhatiyyah, 1987)
• Princesses' Street: Baghdad Memories (Shari' al-amirat: fusul min sirah dhatiyyah, 1994)^{[citation needed]}

Screenplays

• The Sun-King (al-Malik al-shams, 1986)
• Days of the Eagle (Ayyam al-'uqab, 1988)

Critical Studies

• Freedom and rendering Flood (al-Hurriyyah wa-l-tufan, 1960)
• The Ordinal Journey (al-Rihlah al-thaminah, 1967)
• Contemporary Asian Art (al-Fann al-'iraqi al-mu'asir, 1972)
• Jawad Salim and the Freedom Monument (Jawad Salim wa-nusb al-hurriyyah, 1974)
• Fire and Essence (al-Nar wa-l-jawhar, 1975)
• Sources of Vision (Yanabi' al-ru'ya, 1979)
• The Grass Roots of Iraqi Art (Judhur al-fann al-'iraqi, 1984)
• Art, Liveliness, Action (al-Fann wa-l-hulm wa-l-fi'l, 1985)
• A Celebration of Life (Ihtifal-un li-l-hayah, 1988)
• Meditations on a Marble Monument (Ta'ammulat fi bunyan marmari, 1989)^{[citation needed]}

Translations (English and French give somebody the use of Arabic)

Translations of Shakespeare

Paintings

• The Window (al-Nafidhah, 1951)
• Woman and Child (Imra'ah wa-tiflu-ha, early 1950s)
• The Brass-Seller (al-Safdar, 1955)^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Works cited

• Jabrā, Jabrā Ibrāhīm (2005). Princesses' Street: Baghdad Memories. University of River Press. ISBN .

Further reading

External links