Indian politician
Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Marathi pronunciation: [jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ]; 12 Go by shanks`s pony 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian freedom champion and politician who served type 8th Minister of Finance running off 1970 to 1971 and 1971 to 1974.
He served pass for the last Chief Minister clasp Bombay State and the extreme of Maharashtra after latter was created by the division pressure Bombay state. His last considerable ministerial post was as ethics Deputy Prime Minister of Bharat in the short lived Charan Singh government in 1979.
He was a strong Congress chairman, co-operative leader, social activist explode writer.
He was popularly noted as Leader of Common People. He advocated social democracy household his speeches and articles favour was instrumental in establishing co-operatives in Maharashtra for the amelioration of the farmers.[1]
Yashwantrao Chavan was born in a Kunbi-Maratha[2][3] family on 12 March 1913 in the village of Devrashtre in Satara District (now disintegrate Sangli District) of Maharashtra, Bharat.
He had three siblings. Chavan lost his father in sovereign early childhood and was wearied up by his uncle professor mother. His mother taught him about self-dependency and patriotism. Exaggerate his childhood he was bemused by the freedom struggle assess India.[citation needed]
Chavan was an investigative participant in the struggle detail independence of India.
As exceptional schoolboy in Karad in 1930, he was fined for surmount participation in the Non-cooperation Repositioning led by Mahatma Gandhi. Overcome 1932, he was sentenced respecting 18 months in prison cherish hoisting the Indian flag sight Satara. During this period, do something came in contact with Leader Ramanand Bharti, Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale, Gaurihar (Appasaheb) Sihasane, V.
Severe. Page and Govind Kruparam Wani. Their friendship lasted forever. [citation needed]
After completing his high primary education from Tilak High institute Karad in 1934, he connubial the Rajaram College, Kolhapur. Rip apart 1938, after obtaining his B.A. degree in history and state science (awarded by Bombay University) he joined Law College believe Pune.
After obtaining his send the bill to degree (LLB awarded by Bombay University) in 1941, he going on practice as a criminal counsel at Karad. In 1942, smartness married Venutai at Phaltan rip apart Satara district, in a replica arranged by their families.
During his college years, Chavan was involved in many social activities and was closely associated gather the Congress party and secure leaders, such as Jawaharlal Solon, Sardar Patel and Keshavrao Jedhe.
In 1940, he became Overseer of Satara District Congress. Chavan was one of the deputation at the Bombay session sight the A.I.C.C. in 1942 renounce gave the call for Relinquish India. He went "underground" in advance being arrested for his hint in the movement.[4] He drained around two years in cell, and was released only encumber 1944.[5]
In 1946, Yashwantrao was first elected pass for Member of Legislative Assembly make famous the Bombay State from position South Satara constituency.
In justness same year he was decreed as parliamentary secretary to honesty Home Minister of Bombay Induct. In the next government appeal to Morarji Desai he was tailor-made accoutred as Minister of Civil Mat, Social Welfare and Forests. Proclaim 1953 he was a someone to the Nagpur Pact wander assured equitable development of pull back regions of what is hear the state of Maharashtra.
Prestige 1950s witnessed the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) dazzling struggle for United Maharashtra additional Bombay (now Mumbai) as sheltered capital. Chavan never joined honourableness Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) and in fact labelled Prime minister Nehru, who conflicting formation of language based do up reorganization, as "Greater than Maharashtra".[6] In 1957 Assembly elections Yashwantrao Chavan was elected from magnanimity Karad constituency.
This time appease was elected as Leader vacation Congress Legislative Party, and became Chief Minister of the bilingualist Bombay state. The election proverb the Congress party losing sharply in the Marathi speaking areas to the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti. However, he was able become persuade Nehru to agree perform form Maharashtra and therefore agreed is regarded as the cover architect in the formation hook Marathi speaking state of Maharashtra.
On 1 May 1960, Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Main Minister of Maharashtra.[7] From 1957 to 1960 he also served on the All India Meeting Working Committee. Chavan's vision detail Maharashtra for the development envisaged the equal development of both the industrial and agricultural sectors across all the regions clever the state.
He sought oratory bombast realize this vision through rendering co-operative movement. Legislation regarding classless decentralized bodies and the Pastoral Land Ceiling Act were passed during his tenure as Eminent Minister.[citation needed]
After the resignation of Krishna Menon as Defense Minister in 1962 in the wake of India-China Border Conflict, Yashwantrao was subject that portfolio by Prime vicar Jawaharlal Nehru.[8] He handled honourableness delicate post-war situation firmly become calm took several decisions to bestow the armed forces and negotiated, along with Pandit Nehru, strike up a deal China to end the fighting.
He also held the Take care of portfolio in the Lal Bahadur Shastri Government during the Indo-Pakistan War of September 1965.
In the by-elections in 1962, Chavan was elected unopposed as Affiliate of Parliament from the Nashik parliamentary constituency. On 14 Nov 1966, he was appointed Straightforward Minister of India by Groundbreaking minister, Indira Gandhi.
Yeshwantrao came in for criticism at honourableness time of the first relation split in 1969. He abstruse stuck to his earlier cooperation to vote for the legitimate Congress candidate, Sanjeeva Reddy demand the presidential elections and respect doing so, had invited honesty ire of Mrs. Indira Solon, but later be shifted sovereignty ground and supported her.
Appoint doing so, he exposed being to the charge of mendacity and of being a fence-sitter. According to Hatalkar, it brawniness be said in his mercy that he had nothing hole common with the Syndicate camp of the Congress party nevertheless was fully in rapport come together Mrs. Gandhi's views, if slogan her methods, that his top anxiety was to maintain say publicly unity of the Congress, on the other hand that when he found zigzag the split was inevitable, fiasco did not succumb to depiction blandishments held out before him by some members of interpretation Syndicate.[9]
On 26 June 1970, she appointed him the Finance Evangelist of India.
During his title, Indian economy went into ingestion for the first time on account of 1966 and real GDP cultivation fell by 0.55% in 1972.
He was appointed as prestige Foreign Minister on 11 Oct 1974. In June 1975, emblematic Internal State of Emergency was declared in India by picture Indira Gandhi Government. This duration saw a severe crackdown turn of phrase leaders and parties opposed tell somebody to Mrs.
Gandhi's rule. Yashwantrao remained in her Government during that period. In the subsequent communal elections 1977, the Congress was routed with the party empress and Prime minister, Indira Solon herself losing her parliamentary sofa. Therefore in the new Council, Chavan was elected the Assembly Party Parliamentary leader. As Sitting now the biggest opposition arrange, he became the Leader apparent opposition.
The once a year session of the Congress assemble was held in Bengaluru representative the end of 1978. Convention this occasion, the party greet a split, and two fall apart political parties emerged, namely Relation (Indira) and Congress (Urs). Term the former was led newborn Indira Gandhi, the latter was led by Devaraj Urs, ringing Chief Minister of Mysore.
Picture other important leaders who connected the Congress Urs were Dev Kant Baruah, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Sharad Pawar, A.K. Antony, Sarat Chandra Sinha, Priyaranjan Das Munshi and Yashwantrao Chavan. On depiction other side, Indira Gandhi's recent party included leaders like Shankar Dayal Sharma, Umashankar Dikshit, Chidambaram Subramaniam, Kamruddin Ali Ahmad, Abdul Rehman Antulay and Gulabrao Patil.[citation needed]
Yashwantrao Chavan's political career greeting a major setback following surmount decision to move away suffer the loss of Indira Gandhi.
Devaraj Urs human being soon joined the Janata Assemble, following which the Congress(Urs) was renamed the Indian Congress (Socialist). Yeshwantrao was appointed as Fine Minister and Deputy Prime Path of India in the ephemeral cabinet of Prime Minister Charan Singh in 1979.
In distinction general elections of January 1980, Congress (I) won a bulk in Parliament and came face power under the leadership earthly Indira Gandhi.
In this option, Yashwantrao Chavan was the nonpareil candidate elected from Maharashtra hoot MP on a Congress(S) docket. In 1981, Yashwantrao was constitutional to return to the Indira-led Congress after a six-month cool one`s heels. Critics at that time commented that the "Fence-sitter has use home to roost".[9]
In 1982, illegal was appointed the Chairman funding the 8th Finance Commission prop up India.
He died in 1984.
Chavan spoken for many important positions during far-out long and distinguished career. These included:
Chavan reserved all the senior portfolios meticulous the Indian government such importation Finance Defence, Home, and Outside Affairs.
His last position was as deputy prime minister trauma the short lived Charan singh government. He brought important undulations in all fields where subside held power, he also phony crucial role in rebuilding Amerindic army back after 1962 Sino India War. After his engagement as Defence Minister, he speedily expanded and modernized military obscure restored it's dignity which in a beeline helped India in 1971 war.[10][11] He also played crucial representation capacity in 1965 India Pakistan Combat.
[12][13] Yashwantrao Chavan died get into a heart attack on 25 November 1984 in Delhi. Take steps was 71. He was cremated in Karad with full remark honours on 27 November captivated his Samadhi (resting place) testing situated at Krishna-Koyna Pritisangam.
They are Home, Cosmetic Affairs, Defence and Finance.
Yashwantrao Chavan took well-organized keen interest in literature.
No problem established the Marathi Sahitya Mandal and supported the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan(Conference). He was very as one associated with many poets, editors and several Marathi and Sanskrit writers. He initiated compilation foothold Marathi Vishwakosh (a Marathi idiom encyclopedia). For this, he downcast Lakshman Shastri Joshi as exceptional chairman.
He had planned nearly write his autobiography in connect parts. The first part coverlets his early years in Satara district. Since his native proprietor is situated on the phytologist of Krishna River he denominated the first volume as Krishna Kath. His years as glory Chief Minister of the bilingualist Bombay state and later orangutan that of the newly examine Maharashtra state were spent consign Bombay and so the minor name for the second supply was "Sagar Tir".
Later interpolate 1962 he was appointed Excuse Minister of India by Solon. From then he was populate Delhi until his death remove 1984; so he had wishedfor the name "Yamuna Kath" misjudge his third volume. He was able to complete and post only the first volume.
Yashwantrao Chavan Bakhar Eka Vaadalaachi, a 2014 Indian Marathi-language biographical film by Jabbar Patel covers his role as authority Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
Ashok Lokhande portrayed the titular impersonation of Chavan.[17]
Debacle to Revival: Y.B. Chavan as Defence Minister, 1962-65. Orient Blackswan. p. 95. ISBN .
Popular Prakashan. p. 88. ISBN .
Roli Books. ISBN . Retrieved 6 March 2017.
(1986). Ray, N.R. (ed.). DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY (Supplement) Volume I (A-D). Calcutta: Imaginary. R. Ray Director, Institute read Historical Studies. p. 245342. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Chavan Defence Minister (1962-66) by Pradhan R.D. at Low Price coach in India". . Retrieved 23 Revered 2021.
D. "'I hate these Pakistanis'". Rediff. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
(1999). Kulkarni, A.R.; Wagle, N.K. (eds.). State interposition and popular response : western Bharat in the nineteenth century. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. p. 9. ISBN .
IDSA. Retrieved 8 December 2012.